Scientific sources

Selected primary and secondary scientific references. Source verification does not imply independent replication of a research hypothesis. Full bibliography: charter PDF.

1. 1 · Verified
   ITU-R Recommendation M.2160 — Framework and overall objectives of the future development of IMT for 2030 and beyond.
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2. 2 · Verified
   Cerf, V., Dalal, Y., Sunshine, C. — Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program (RFC 675), December 1974; Reagle, J. — The etymology of 'Internet'.
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3. 3 · Verified
   Messeri, L., Crockett, M. J. — Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research.
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4. 4 · Secondary source
   History of the term 'smartphone' (Ericsson GS88 concept, 1997; earlier 'smart phone' in trade press from the 1980s).
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5. 5 · Verified
   Zimmer, B. — The rise of 'social media' (first citation 1994; overtook 'Web 2.0' in search volume in 2009).
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6. 6 · Verified
   Regalado, A. — Who Coined 'Cloud Computing'? (Compaq internal paper, 14 Nov 1996; Schmidt, 9 Aug 2006; first newspaper use 2007).
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7. 7 · Secondary source
   Collingridge, D. — The Social Control of Technology (the Collingridge dilemma).
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8. 8 · Verified
   Muon g−2 Collaboration — Final measurement of the muon anomalous magnetic moment (127 ppb), 3 June 2025; Muon g−2 Theory Initiative — 2025 white paper (lattice-based Standard Model prediction), arXiv 2505.21476.
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9. 9 · Verified
   CMS Collaboration — Measurement of the W boson mass (80,360.2 ± 9.9 MeV), September 2024; compare CDF 2022 (80,433.5 ± 9.4 MeV) and PDG 2026 world average excluding CDF.
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10. 10 · Verified
    Freedman, W. L., Madore, B. F., Hoyt, T. J., et al. — Status Report on the Chicago-Carnegie Hubble Program (CCHP): Measurement of the Hubble Constant Using the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes.
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11. 11 · Verified
    DESI Collaboration — DESI DR2 Results II: Measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and Cosmological Constraints.
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12. 12 · Verified
    Forero-Sánchez, D., Gil-Marín, H., Verde, L., et al. — Cosmological constraints from a joint DESI DR1 Full-Shape and DR2 BAO analysis.
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13. 13 · Verified
    Huh, M., Cheung, B., Wang, T., Isola, P. — Position: The Platonic Representation Hypothesis.
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14. 14 · Verified
    Jha, R., Zhang, C., Shmatikov, V., Morris, J. X. — Harnessing the Universal Geometry of Embeddings.
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15. 15 · Verified
    Gröger, F., Wen, S., Brbić, M. — Revisiting the Platonic Representation Hypothesis: An Aristotelian View.
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16. 16 · Verified
    You, Jang, Mo, Jung — What Converges in the Platonic Representation Hypothesis? Structure over Geometry.
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17. 17 · Verified
    Ashery, A. F., Aiello, L. M., Baronchelli, A. — Emergent social conventions and collective bias in LLM populations.
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18. 18 · Verified
    Li, Li, Zhou — Does Socialization Emerge in AI Agent Society? A Case Study of Moltbook.
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19. 19 · Partially verified
    Luppi, A. I., et al. — A synergistic core for human brain evolution and cognition.
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20. 20 · Verified
    Riedl, C. — Emergent Coordination in Multi-Agent Language Models.
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21. 21 · Verified
    Dumas, J.-G., Pernet, C., Sedoglavic, A. — A non-commutative algorithm for multiplying 4×4 matrices using 48 non-complex multiplications.
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22. 22 · Verified
    Georgiev, B., Gómez-Serrano, J., Tao, T., Wagner, A. Z. — Mathematical exploration and discovery at scale.
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23. 23 · Verified
    He, Patkowski, et al. — Chimeric infective particles expand species boundaries in phage inducible chromosomal island mobilization; and Penadés et al. — AI mirrors experimental science to uncover a novel mechanism of gene transfer.
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24. 24 · Verified
    Gottweis, J., et al. — Accelerating scientific discovery with [an automated multi-agent research system; system name abridged from title].
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25. 25 · Verified
    Sothanaphan, N. — Resolution of Erdős Problem #728 [subtitle abridged; write-up of a machine-produced Lean proof].
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26. 26 · Verified
    Feng, Trinh, et al. — Semi-autonomous mathematics discovery: a case study on the Erdős problems [subtitle abridged; a commercial system name omitted].
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27. 27 · Verified
    Cheng, M., Lee, C., Khadpe, P., Yu, S., Han, D., Jurafsky, D. — Sycophantic AI decreases prosocial intentions and promotes dependence.
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28. 28 · Verified
    Jain, Park, Viana, Wilson, Calacci — Interaction Context Often Increases Sycophancy in LLMs.
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29. 29 · Verified
    Yousef, Aiersilan, Abroms, Broniatowski — Same Question, Different Answers: Auditing Persona-Dependent Variation in Six LLMs on Smoking-Cessation Advice.
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30. 30 · Verified
    Tan, Sun, Ma, et al. — MemBubble: Benchmarking How Agent Memory Shapes LLM Response Diversity.
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31. 31 · Verified
    Columbia Journalism Review, Tow Center for Digital Journalism — report on what assistant memory retains about users and on the absence of studies measuring personalization's effect on news presentation.
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32. 32 · Verified
    Cloudflare — Cloudflare collaborates with leading payments companies to secure and enable agentic commerce (press release).
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33. 33 · Secondary source
    x402 Foundation — launch under the Linux Foundation with payment-network, cloud and commerce members; more than 160 million agent-initiated payments reported in a year.
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34. 34 · Verified
    Dillavou, S., Beyer, B. D., Stern, M., Liu, A. J., Miskin, M. Z., Durian, D. J. — Machine learning without a processor: Emergent learning in a nonlinear analog network.
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35. 35 · Partially verified
    Altman, L. E., Stern, M., Liu, A. J., Durian, D. J. — Experimental demonstration of coupled learning in elastic networks.
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36. 36 · Verified
    Stern, M., Guzman, M., Martins, F., Liu, A. J., Balasubramanian, V. — Physical networks become what they learn.
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37. 37 · Secondary source
    Extropic — From one to one billion (Z1 tape-out: 269,568 pbits, under 1 W; early access 2027).
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38. 38 · Secondary source
    Cortical Labs — CL1 biological computer (launched at MWC, 2 March 2025; ~$35,000 per module; 59 electrodes; cultures viable up to six months).
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39. 39 · Verified
    Ecker, L., Martinez, R., Gunawardena, J., Levin, M., et al. — Biochemically plausible models of habituation for single-cell learning.
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40. 40 · Verified
    Gumuskaya, G., et al.; Levin, M. (Tufts) — Motile Living Biobots Self-Construct from Adult Human Somatic Progenitor Seed Cells.
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41. 41 · Secondary source
    Adamala laboratory (University of Minnesota) — a bottom-up synthetic cell performing selection, genome replication, growth and genetically encoded division ('SpudCell').
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42. 42 · Verified
    Rosas, F. E., Mediano, P. A. M., et al. — Reconciling emergences: An information-theoretic approach to identify causal emergence in multivariate data.
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43. 43 · Verified
    Mediano, P. A. M., Rosas, F. E., Luppi, A. I., et al. — Greater than the parts: a review of the information decomposition approach to causal emergence.
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44. 44 · Partially verified
    Hoel, E. P., Albantakis, L., Tononi, G. — Quantifying causal emergence shows that macro can beat micro.
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45. 45 · Verified
    Hoel, E. — Causal Emergence 2.0: Quantifying emergent complexity.
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46. 46 · Verified
    Eberhardt, F., Lee, L. L. — Causal Emergence: When Distortions in a Map Obscure the Territory.
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47. 47 · Verified
    Lau, E., Furman, Z., Wang, G., Murfet, D., Wei, S. — The Local Learning Coefficient: A Singularity-Aware Complexity Measure.
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48. 48 · Verified
    Cullen, Estan-Ruiz, Danait, Li — A Basin-Selection Perspective on Grokking via Singular Learning Theory.
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49. 49 · Verified
    Toker, D., et al. — Consciousness is supported by near-critical slow cortical electrodynamics.
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50. 50 · Verified
    Maschke, C., et al.; Blain-Moraes, S. — Critical dynamics in spontaneous EEG predict anesthetic-induced loss of consciousness and perturbational complexity.
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51. 51 · Verified
    Touboul, J., Destexhe, A. — Power-law statistics and universal scaling in the absence of criticality.
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52. 52 · Verified
    Priesemann, V., et al. — Spike avalanches in vivo suggest a driven, slightly subcritical brain state.
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53. 53 · Verified
    Beggs, J. M., Timme, N. — Being critical of criticality in the brain.
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54. 54 · Verified
    Clark, A., Chalmers, D. — The Extended Mind.
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55. 55 · Verified
    Hutchins, E. — Cognition in the Wild.
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56. 56 · Verified
    [Large collaboration; author list omitted] — Quantum error correction below the surface code threshold.
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57. 57 · Verified
    Durant, F., Morokuma, J., Fields, C., Williams, K., Adams, D. S., Levin, M. — Long-Term, Stochastic Editing of Regenerative Anatomy via Targeting Endogenous Bioelectric Gradients.
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58. 58 · Verified
    Levin, M. — Bioelectric networks: the cognitive glue enabling evolutionary scaling from physiology to mind.
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59. 59 · Verified
    Fruchart, M., Hanai, R., Littlewood, P. B., Vitelli, V. — Non-reciprocal phase transitions.
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60. 60 · Verified
    Greilich, A., et al. (TU Dortmund, Ioffe Institute) — Robust continuous time crystal in an electron–nuclear spin system.
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61. 61 · Verified
    Zhao, H., Smalyukh, I. I. (University of Colorado Boulder) — Space-time crystals from particle-like topological solitons.
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62. 62 · Verified
    Switzer, E. R., et al. — Realization of two-dimensional discrete time crystals with anisotropic Heisenberg coupling.
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63. 63 · Verified
    Sharma, A., Czégel, D., Lachmann, M., Kempes, C. P., Walker, S. I., Cronin, L. — Assembly theory explains and quantifies selection and evolution.
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64. 64 · Verified
    Uthamacumaran, A., Abrahão, F. S., Kiani, N. A., Zenil, H. — On the salient limitations of the methods of assembly theory and their classification of molecular biosignatures.
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65. 65 · Verified
    Shumailov, I., et al. — AI models collapse when trained on recursively generated data.
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66. 66 · Verified
    Bestvater, S., Smith, A., TerBush, Baronavski, Chavda (Pew Research Center) — How Much of the Internet Is Written With AI?
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67. 67 · Verified
    Fiebelkorn, I. C., Pinsk, M. A., Kastner, S. — A Dynamic Interplay within the Frontoparietal Network Underlies Rhythmic Spatial Attention.
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68. 68 · Verified
    Landau, A. N., Fries, P. — Attention Samples Stimuli Rhythmically.
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69. 69 · Verified
    Markus, A., Shamay-Tsoory, S. G. — Hyperscanning: from inter-brain coupling to causality.
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70. 70 · Verified
    Burgess, A. P. — On the interpretation of synchronization in EEG hyperscanning studies: a cautionary note.
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71. 71 · Verified
    Tessler, M. H., Bakker, M. A., et al. — AI can help humans find common ground in democratic deliberation.
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72. 72 · Verified
    Du, Y., van Mastrigt, R., Veenstra, J., Coulais, C. — Metamaterials that learn to change shape.
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73. 73 · Verified
    Melanson, D., et al. — Thermodynamic computing system for AI applications.
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74. 74 · Verified
    Kagan, B. J., et al. (Cortical Labs) — In vitro neurons learn and exhibit sentience when embodied in a simulated game-world.
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75. 75 · Verified
    Tyler, W. J. — Ultrasonic Brain Computer Interfaces for Enhancing Human-Machine Cognition.
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76. 76 · Verified
    Wright, L. G., Onodera, T., Stein, M. M., et al.; McMahon, P. L. (Cornell) — Deep physical neural networks trained with backpropagation.
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77. 77 · Verified
    Singh, M. P. — Information-Driven Interaction-Oriented Programming: BSPL, the Blindingly Simple Protocol Language.
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78. 78 · Verified
    Zhan, Z. (Caltech) — Distributed Acoustic Sensing Turns Fiber-Optic Cables into Sensitive Seismic Antennas.
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79. 79 · Verified
    Sipling, C., Zhang, Y.-H., Di Ventra, M. — A Critical Assessment of the Brain Criticality Hypothesis.
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80. 80 · Verified
    Willis, Zhao, Du, Leibo — Evaluating Collective Behaviour of Hundreds of LLM Agents.
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81. 81 · Verified
    Zomer, N., De Domenico, M. — Unraveling the emergence of collective behavior in networks of cognitive agents.
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82. 82 · Verified
    Koepke, Zverev, Ginosar, Efros et al. — Back into Plato's Cave: Examining Cross-modal Representational Convergence at Scale.
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83. 83 · Verified
    Cross-brain transfer of high-performance intracortical speech and handwriting BCIs.
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84. 84 · Verified
    Hughes, E., Dennis, M., Parker-Holder, J., et al. — Position: Open-Endedness is Essential for Artificial Superhuman Intelligence.
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85. 85 · Verified
    W3C — Verifiable Credentials Data Model v2.0.
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86. 86 · Verified
    Kasselman, P., et al. — AI Identity Management System (AIMS), draft-ietf-wimse-aims-00.
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87. 87 · Verified
    Bansal, G., et al. — Magentic Marketplace: an open-source environment for studying agentic markets.
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88. 88 · Verified
    Adobe — Holiday 2025 online shopping recap: AI-referred traffic to US retail sites up 693% year on year.
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89. 89 · Verified
    Prindle, A., Liu, J., Asally, M., Ly, S., Garcia-Ojalvo, J., Süel, G. M. — Ion channels enable electrical communication in bacterial communities.
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90. 90 · Secondary source
    Yang, C.-Y., Bialecka-Fornal, M., et al.; Süel, G. M. (UC San Diego) — Encoding membrane-potential-based memory within a microbial community.
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91. 91 · Verified
    Coles, P. J., Szczepanski, C., Melanson, D., Donatella, K., Martinez, A. J., Sbahi, F. — Thermodynamic AI and the fluctuation frontier.
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92. 92 · Secondary source
    Normal Computing — Tape-out of CN101 thermodynamic computing chip.
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93. 93 · Verified
    Cai, H., et al. (Guo, F., Indiana University) — Brain organoid reservoir computing for artificial intelligence.
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94. 94 · Verified
    Liu, T., Philamore, H., Ward-Cherrier, B. (University of Bristol) — Encoding Tactile Stimuli for Organoid Intelligence in Braille Recognition (FinalSpark Neuroplatform).
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95. 95 · Verified
    Sharma, A., Ng, T.-K. M., Parrilla Gutierrez, J. M., Yibin, J., Cronin, L. — A programmable hybrid digital-chemical information processor based on the Belousov–Zhabotinsky reaction.
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96. 96 · Partially verified
    Lee, R., et al.; Chou, L. Y. T. (University of Toronto) — Reusable enzyme-driven DNA building blocks for molecular machine learning.
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97. 97 · Verified
    Morrell, M. C., Elliott, A., Grier, D. G. (New York University) — Nonreciprocal wave-mediated interactions power a classical time crystal.
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98. 98 · Verified
    O'Connor, A., Montenegro, V., Albarelli, F., Paris, M. G. A., Bayat, A., Genoni, M. G. — Attaining Quantum Sensing Enhancement from Monitored Dissipative Time Crystals.
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99. 100 · Verified
    EPFL — News item: Viazovska's sphere-packing proofs in dimensions 8 and 24 formalized in Lean by a commercial automated formalization system [developer and system name omitted].
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100. 101 · Secondary source
     Unite.AI — Report: a Lean 4 proof of the bounded prime gaps (246) theorem produced by an automated prover from a human blueprint [developer and system name omitted].
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101. 103 · Verified
     Zhang, J., Hu, S., Lu, C., Lange, R., Clune, J. — Darwin Gödel Machine: Open-Ended Evolution of Self-Improving Agents.
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102. 104 · Verified
     Lu, C., Lange, R., Yamada, Y., Hu, S., Foerster, J., Ha, D., Clune, J. — Towards end-to-end automation of AI research.
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103. 105 · Verified
     Guess, A. M., et al. — How do social media feed algorithms affect attitudes and behavior in an election campaign?; Nyhan, B., et al. — Like-minded sources on Facebook are prevalent but not polarizing.
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104. 106 · Verified
     Bail, C. A., et al. — Exposure to opposing views on social media can increase political polarization.
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105. 107 · Verified
     Salvi, F., Horta Ribeiro, M., Gallotti, R., West, R. — On the conversational persuasiveness of [a large language model; model name abridged from title].
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106. 108 · Verified
     Hackenburg, K., Tappin, B. M., Hewitt, L., et al. — The levers of political persuasion with conversational artificial intelligence.
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107. 109 · Verified
     Lin, H., Czarnek, G., Lewis, S., et al. (Rand, D. G.) — Persuading voters using human–artificial intelligence dialogues.
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108. 110 · Verified
     Kirk, H. R., Vidgen, B., Röttger, P., Hale, S. A. — The benefits, risks and bounds of personalizing the alignment of large language models to individuals.
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109. 111 · Verified
     Costello, T. H., Pennycook, G., Rand, D. G. — Durably reducing conspiracy beliefs through dialogues with AI.
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110. 112 · Verified
     Kunz, E. M., Abramovich Krasa, B., Willett, F. R., et al. (Stanford) — Inner speech in motor cortex and implications for speech neuroprostheses.
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111. 113 · Verified
     Kaifosh, P., Reardon, T. R., et al. — A generic non-invasive neuromotor interface for human-computer interaction.
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112. 114 · Verified
     Card, N. S., et al. — An Accurate and Rapidly Calibrating Speech Neuroprosthesis.
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113. 115 · Secondary source
     Card, N. S., Singer-Clark, T., Peracha, H., et al. — Long-term independent use of an intracortical brain–computer interface for speech and cursor control.
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114. 116 · Verified
     Salazar-Gomez, A. F., DelPreto, J., Gil, S., Guenther, F. H., Rus, D. — Correcting robot mistakes in real time using EEG signals.
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115. 117 · Verified
     Lévy, J., Rapin, J., Banville, H., et al. — Brain-to-Text Decoding: A Non-invasive Approach via Typing.
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116. 118 · Partially verified
     Tang, J., LeBel, A., Jain, S., Huth, A. G. — Semantic reconstruction of continuous language from non-invasive brain recordings.
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117. 119 · Secondary source
     Horikawa, T. (NTT Communication Science Laboratories) — Mind captioning: generating descriptive text from brain activity.
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118. 120 · Verified
     Jiang, L., Stocco, A., Losey, D. M., Abernethy, J. A., Prat, C. S., Rao, R. P. N. — BrainNet: A Multi-Person Brain-to-Brain Interface for Direct Collaboration Between Brains.
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119. 121 · Verified
     Dikker, S., et al. — Brain-to-Brain Synchrony Tracks Real-World Dynamic Group Interactions in the Classroom.
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120. 122 · Verified
     Réveillé, C., Vergotte, G., Perrey, S., Bosselut, G. — Using interbrain synchrony to study teamwork: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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121. 123 · Secondary source
     Brosler, S. C., … Chang, E. F. (UCSF) — Simultaneous speech and gesture decoding for multimodal communication in paralysis.
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122. 124 · Verified
     Cogitate Consortium (Melloni, L., Mudrik, L., Pitts, M., et al.) — Adversarial testing of global neuronal workspace and integrated information theories of consciousness.
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123. 125 · Verified
     Marra, G., et al. (National Physical Laboratory) — Optical interferometry-based array of seafloor environmental sensors using a trans-oceanic submarine cable.
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124. 126 · Verified
     Allen, R. M., Barski, M., Berman, D., et al. — Global earthquake detection and warning using smartphones [title paraphrased to omit a product name].
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125. 127 · Verified
     Hutchison, C. A., et al. — Design and synthesis of a minimal bacterial genome.
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126. 128 · Verified
     Pelletier, J. F., et al. — Genetic requirements for cell division in a genomically minimal cell.
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127. 129 · Verified
     Huang, H.-Y., Broughton, M., Cotler, J., et al. — Quantum advantage in learning from experiments.
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128. 130 · Verified
     Qu, D., Lin, Q., Xiao, L., Zhan, X., Xue, P. — Experimental violation of a Bell-like causal inequality in a photonic quantum switch.
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129. 131 · Verified
     Richter, C. M. D., Antesberger, M., Cao, H., Walther, P., Rozema, L. A. — Toward an experimental device-independent verification of indefinite causal order.
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130. 132 · Verified
     VanRullen, R. — Perceptual Cycles.
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131. 133 · Verified
     Babcock, N. S., et al. (Kurian, P., Howard University; Chergui, M., EPFL) — Ultraviolet Superradiance from Mega-Networks of Tryptophan in Biological Architectures.
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132. 134 · Verified
     Patwa, H., Babcock, N. S., Kurian, P. — Quantum-enhanced photoprotection in neuroprotein architectures emerges from collective light–matter interactions.
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133. 135 · Verified
     Kurian, P. — Room-temperature superradiance from quantum optical networks in protein fibers (invited talk; superradiant lifetimes of no more than a few picoseconds).
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134. 136 · Verified
     Khan, S., et al.; Wiest, M. C. (Wellesley College) — Microtubule-Stabilizer Epothilone B Delays Anesthetic-Induced Unconsciousness in Rats.
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135. 137 · Verified
     Tegmark, M. — Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes.
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136. 138 · Verified
     Shwartz-Ziv, R., Tishby, N. — Opening the Black Box of Deep Neural Networks via Information.
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137. 139 · Verified
     Saxe, A. M., et al. — On the information bottleneck theory of deep learning.
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138. 140 · Verified
     Gündüz, D., Qin, Z., Estella Aguerri, I., et al. — Beyond Transmitting Bits: Context, Semantics, and Task-Oriented Communications.
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